R. v. Chaulk [1990] 3 S.C.R. 1303: Set out the Oakes reasonable limit test: objective of  sufficient importance; Means: "rationally connected" to the objective; impair rights as "little as possible�; effects on the limitation of rights proportional to the objective.

Is s. 16(4) a reasonable limit under s. 1 of the Charter?

There is no question that the presumption of innocence, guaranteed by s. 11(d) of the Charter, is a fundamental legal right which plays a very important role in our criminal justice system. �.However, like the other rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Charter, it is subject to limitations under s. 1 of the Charter. The procedure to be followed when the state is attempting to justify a limit on a right or freedom under s. 1 was set out by this Court in Oakes, supra:

1. The objective of the impugned provision must be of sufficient importance to warrant overriding a constitutionally protected right or freedom; it must relate to concerns which are pressing and substantial in a free and democratic society before it can be characterized as sufficiently important.

2. Assuming that a sufficiently important objective has been established, the means chosen to achieve the objective must pass a proportionality test; that is to say they must: