The Role Played by the Security Council in Crippling the Iraqi Economy 1990-2001
THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE SECURITY COUNCIL IN CRIPPLING THE IRAQI ECONOMY 1990-2001
by Elias Davidsson
(May 2002)
Abstract:
The Security Council of the United Nations imposed comprehensive economic sanctions on Iraq in August 1990. The severity of these measures was unprecedented in U.N. history. This paper relates and annotates, in a chronological sequence, the various phases of the sanctions regime, as imposed and maintained by the United Nations. This chronology does not address the political or strategic aspects of the measures imposed on Iraq. Instead, it aims to provide students of the legality of these sanctions with an outline of salient UN decisions, activities and measures related to the sanctions. For a number a reasons, including the classified nature of many UN documents, it was impossible to offer a comprehensive account of these activities and measures. This paper should, therefore, be regarded as work-in-progress.
Sub-headings:
1 BEFORE THE “GULF WAR”
1.1 Security Council Resolution 660 (1990)
1.2 Security Council Resolution 661 (1990)
1.3 Other sanctions-related measures before the “Gulf war”
2. FROM THE “GULF WAR” TO “OIL-FOR-FOOD”
2.1 Destruction of Iraq’s infrastructure
2.2 The Ahtisaari report
2.3 Security Council Resolution 687 (1990)
2.4 The Aga Khan Report
2.5 Security Council Resolution 706 (1991)
2.6 Security Council Resolution 712 (1991)
2.7 Security Council Resolution 778 (1992)
2.8 The first FAO Nutritional Status Assessment Mission to Iraq, 1993
2.9 The 1995 Non-paper by the Permanent Members of the Security Council
3 THE “OIL-FOR-FOOD” PERIOD
3.1 Security Council Resolution 986 (1995)
3.2 Security Council Resolution 1153 (1998)
3.3 Security Council Resolution 1284 (1999)
4 ASSESSMENT
4.1 Sanctions’ overall effects on the Iraqi economy
4.2 The purpose of the “oil-for-food” programme
4.3 U.S./U.K. continued control of Iraqi foreign trade
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